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Preeclamsia in pregnancy.


 

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition that can lead to serious complications for both the

mother and the baby.

 It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure

(hypertension) and signs of damage to organs, most commonly the kidneys, which can be detected

through the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria).

 

Symptoms of preeclampsia may include:

  • High blood pressure
  • Protein in urine
  • Swelling, especially in the hands and face
  • Sudden weight gain (more than 2-3 pounds per week)
  • Severe headaches
  • Vision changes (blurred vision or seeing spots)
  • Pain in the upper abdomen, usually under the ribs, or in the right shoulder
  • Nausea or vomiting (especially after 20 weeks)

 

Causes and risk factors: While the exact cause of preeclampsia is not fully understood, it is thought to

be related to problems with the placenta's blood vessels. Risk factors for developing preeclampsia

include:

  • First-time pregnancy
  • Age (younger than 20 or older than 35)
  • Obesity
  • Family history of preeclampsia
  • Having certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure, kidney disease, or diabetes
  • Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)

 

Treatment and management: There is no cure for preeclampsia except delivery of the baby.

The management depends on the severity of the condition and how far along the pregnancy is:

  • If preeclampsia is mild, the healthcare provider may monitor the condition closely and

recommend bed rest, frequent checkups, or medications to lower blood pressure.

  • If it is more severe, the baby may need to be delivered early to prevent complications.

 In some cases, medications (like magnesium sulfate) are given to prevent seizures and

control blood pressure.

Untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications like eclampsia (seizures), organ failure,

stroke, or preterm birth.

 

 

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